Creating Readiness for Change

C = (abd) > X

• C = Change
• a = compelling, vivid, vision of desired future state
• b = Dissatisfaction with status quo (pain message)
• d = Practical first steps, strategies or action plans that can close the gap
• X = Perceived costs of change (personal / organizational)

Source: This change formula was devised by Gleicher and cited in Beckhard, R. and Harris, R.T. (1977).  Organizational Transitions: Managing Complex Change.   Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.

The same formula is sited differently in Bunker & Alban, Large Group Intervention:, page 71

C = D x V x F > R

• C = Change
• D = Dissatisfaction with the current organizational system
• V = clear vision of the organizational goals for the future
• F = Practical First Steps
• R = Resistance to change that is present in the organization