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Waterline Model
Balancing Maintenance and Task
cf.: Waterline
Diagram
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clarity about goals and roles, especially decision making authority in reaching goals; effective role organization |
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team effectiveness; participation, influence, learning interactions, conflict resolution, membership, interaction patterns |
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how two people communicate with the one another and how respond to 1-1 conflict |
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how individuals experience the process working together and their effectiveness in learning from their experience |
Paying attention to both task and maintenance
- TASK … is above the waterline
- MAINTENANCE … it below the waterline
Task Functions
- Developing the agenda
- Initiating
- Information seeking
- Information giving
- Opinion giving
- Elaborating
- Coordinating
- Evaluating
- Energizing
- Structuring
- Summarizing
- Consensus testing
- Reality tester
Maintenance Functions
- Gatekeeping
- Encouraging
- Harmonizing
- Consensus seeking
- Giving and receiving feedback
- Standard setting
- Tension reliever
- Expressing group feelings
- Processing
Dysfunctional Behaviors
- Blocking
- Power Seeking
- Recognition Seeking
- Dominating
- Clowning
Some things to look for in groups...
- Participation
- Influence
- Style of influence
- Decision making procedures
- Task functions
- Maintenance functions
- Group atmosphere
- Membership
- Feelings
- Norms
cf.: powerpoint slides suitable for
presenting the model to others
cf.: Task vs. Maintenance Test
Ashley Guberman, Organizational Development Resources